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2018 Baseline

2018
$48.99M
Annual Economic Cost

2025 Estimate

2025
$88.7M
Annual Economic Cost
+81% increase

Parameter Changes

Key inputs that drive the economic model

Parameter 2018 Value 2025 Value Change Source
Economic Valuations
Value of Statistical Life (VSL) $9,000,000 $13,600,000 +51% HHS 2025
Non-Fatal Cancer Cost $200,000 $250,000 +25% Inflation-adjusted
Physician MSD Cost $45,000 $94,285 +109% NSC 2023
Support Staff MSD Cost $12,000 $47,316 +294% NSC 2023
Workforce
Interventional Cardiologists 3,255 5,639 +73% AAMC 2023
Interventional Radiologists 3,358 3,358 0% Placeholder
Electrophysiologists 1,925 2,629 +37% ABIM 2025
Nurses 13,000 13,000 0% Placeholder
Technicians 11,300 11,300 0% Placeholder
Total Workforce 32,838 35,926 +9%
Clinical Data
MSD Career Prevalence 53% 66% +13 pts SCAI 2023
Radial Access Rate 30% 68% +38 pts SCAI 2022

The Radial Access Paradox

Radial artery access for cardiac catheterization has increased from 20% to 68% of procedures since 2013—a major improvement for patient safety with fewer bleeding complications and reduced mortality. However, radial access positions the operator closer to the radiation source, potentially increasing scatter exposure to the left side of the head and body. Despite this shift to radial access, MSD prevalence has actually increased from 53% to 66%, suggesting the technique does not reduce the orthopedic burden from lead aprons.

Cost Breakdown Comparison

Category Group 2018 Cases 2018 Cost 2025 Cases 2025 Cost Change
Fatal Cancer Physicians 1.5 $13,500,000 2.3 $31,704,000 +135%
Fatal Cancer Nurses/Techs 2.5 $22,500,000 2.4 $33,048,000 +47%
Non-Fatal Cancer Physicians 1.5 $300,000 2.3 $582,500 +94%
Non-Fatal Cancer Nurses/Techs 2.5 $500,000 2.4 $607,500 +22%
MSDs Physicians 155 $6,975,000 209 $19,726,565 +183%
MSDs Nurses/Techs 435 $5,220,000 437 $20,677,092 +296%
TOTAL $48,995,000 $106,345,657 +117%

Note: 2025 values shown with 2025 workforce and placeholder support staff counts. Actual total may vary based on confirmed nurse/technician counts.

What's Driving the Increase

VSL Increase

+$31.7M

The federal VSL increased 51% from $9M to $13.6M, directly impacting fatal cancer valuations which account for 73% of total costs.

MSD Cost Increase

+$28.2M

Spine injury and MSD costs have more than doubled since 2018, with support staff MSD costs up 294%.

Workforce Growth

+9%

Interventional cardiologists increased 73% and electrophysiologists 37%, expanding the at-risk population.

No Improvement in MSDs

66%

Despite awareness, MSD prevalence increased from 53% to 66%, indicating current PPE solutions remain inadequate.

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Adjust parameters yourself to see how changes in workforce, risk factors, and economic valuations affect the total economic impact.

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